Jump to content

Washington University in St. Louis

Coordinates: 38°38′53″N 90°18′18″W / 38.648°N 90.305°W / 38.648; -90.305
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Washington University" redirects here. For the university in Washington state, see University of Washington.
Washington University in St. Louis
Former name
  • Eliot Seminary (1853–1854)
  • Washington Institute (1854–1856)
  • Washington University (1856–1976)
MottoPer veritatem vis (Latin)
Motto in English
"Strength through truth"
TypePrivate research university
EstablishedFebruary 22, 1853; 172 years ago (1853-02-22)
AccreditationHLC
Academic affiliations
Endowment$11.5 billion (FY23)[1]
ChancellorAndrew D. Martin
ProvostBeverly Wendland
Academic staff
4,415 (2023)[2]
Administrative staff
16,832 (2023)[2]
Total staff
21,247 (2023)[2]
Students17,012 (fall 2022)[3]
Undergraduates8,132 (fall 2022)[3]
Postgraduates8,880 (fall 2022)[3]
Location
St. Louis
,
Missouri
,
United States

38°38′53″N 90°18′18″W / 38.648°N 90.305°W / 38.648; -90.305
CampusLarge suburb[6], 355 acres (1.44 km2)
Tyson Research Center, 1,966.5 acres (3.07 sq mi; 795.81 ha)[4][5]
NewspaperStudent Life
ColorsRed and green[7]
   
NicknameBears
Sporting affiliations
MascotBear
Websitewashu.edu Edit this at Wikidata
ASN2552 Edit this at Wikidata

Washington University in St. Louis (WashU) is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853 and named after George Washington, the university spans 355 acres across its campuses.

Washington University comprises eight undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools, including Arts and Sciences, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Olin Business School, Washington University School of Medicine, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University School of Law, School of Continuing & Professional Studies, and Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts. As of 2023, Washington University has an enrollment of approximately 16,500 students from all 50 states and more than 110 countries.

A member of the Association of American Universities since 1923, Washington University is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[8][9] In 2021, the National Science Foundation ranked Washington University 25th among academic institutions in the United States for research and development expenditures.[10][11] The university's athletic teams, Washington University Bears, play in NCAA Division III as a founding member of the University Athletic Association.

As of 2024, 26 Nobel laureates, 11 Pulitzer Prize winners, 4 United States Poet Laureates, and 6 MacArthur Fellows have been affiliated with the university as faculty or alumni.[12][13] Washington University alumni also include 16 university presidents, 21 members of the United States Congress, 30 Rhodes Scholars, 20 Truman Scholars, 7 Marshall Scholars and 2 Churchill Scholars.[14][15][16][17]

History

[edit]

19th century

[edit]
William Greenleaf Eliot, first president of the board of trustees
Washington University Manual Training School
The Washington University crest at the entrance to Francis Field
Brookings Hall during the 1904 World's Fair

Washington University was conceived by 17 St. Louis business, political, and religious leaders concerned by the lack of institutions of higher learning in the Midwest.[18] Missouri state senator Wayman Crow and Unitarian minister William Greenleaf Eliot, grandfather of the poet T. S. Eliot, led the effort.[19] The university's first chancellor was Joseph Gibson Hoyt.[20] Crow secured the university charter from the Missouri General Assembly in 1853, and Eliot was named president of the board of trustees.

Unlike many major American universities, Washington University lacked an initial financial endowment. The institution had no backing of a religious organization, single wealthy patron, or earmarked government support. From its inception, the university has been governed by an independent board of trustees which, by charter, appoints its own members.[21]

Initially, the institution underwent several name changes. The board first approved the name Eliot Seminary, but Eliot objected, favoring a nonsectarian university.[22] Under his influence, the board appointed a naming committee, chaired by Samuel Treat. In 1854, the university was renamed Washington Institute after the nation's first president George Washington and because the charter was coincidentally passed on Washington's birthday, February 22.[23] The decision reflected Washington’s symbolic role as a unifying figure in a nation divided over slavery. In 1856, the board officially changed the name to Washington University.

Growth and expansion

[edit]
Robert S. Brookings

Chartered as a university, Washington University initially functioned primarily as a night school, located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in downtown St. Louis. Due to limited financial resources, early classes were held in public buildings, beginning on October 22, 1854, at the Benton School building. As enrollment grew, funding was transferred to the St. Louis Public Schools.[24]

To provide more structured academic offerings, the university divided into three departments: the Manual Training School, the preparatory school Smith Academy, and the Mary Institute. The Manual Training School, established in 1879, was one of the first institutions in the United States to emphasize technical education alongside traditional academic subjects.[25] Smith Academy (founded in 1854) and Mary Institute (founded in 1859) served as preparatory schools for boys and girls, respectively.[26]

In 1867, the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River. By 1882, the university had expanded across multiple disciplines, necessitating additional facilities. In 1891, medical education became part of the university when the St. Louis Medical College affiliated with Washington University, leading to the establishment of the School of Medicine.

In 1896, Holmes Smith, professor of Drawing and History of Art, designed what became the basis for the modern-day university seal. The seal is made up of elements from the Washington family coat of arms and the symbol of Louis IX, whom the city is named after.[27]

The university's rapid expansion, particularly in the medical field, led to the search for a new campus site. In the late 1890s, a committee led by Robert S. Brookings, Henry Ware Eliot, and William Huse selected a 103-acre (41.7 ha) parcel just beyond Forest Park, located west of the of the city limits in St. Louis County. The site’s elevated terrain inspired the nickname Hilltop Campus, which was later renamed the Danforth Campus in 2006 to honor former chancellor William H. Danforth.[28]

In 1899, the university held a national design competition for the new campus. The Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson, known for their work at the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University, won with a design based on Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities.[29]

20th century

[edit]
Graham Chapel
Brookings Hall

The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20, 1900, construction of additional buildings, including Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples began shortly thereafter.[30] The university postponed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and 1904 Summer Olympics. This postponement led to the construction of ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned. This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus; Cope and Stewardson's original plan and its choice of building materials have, with few exceptions, guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day.[29]

In 1915, the university completed a new medical complex on Kings Highway in the Central West End. Three years later, Aphrodite Jannopoulo, Carol Skinner Cole, and Faye Cashatt became the first women to enroll as medical students.[31]

During World War II, as part of the Manhattan Project, a cyclotron at Washington University was used to produce small quantities of the newly discovered element plutonium via neutron bombardment of uranium nitrate hexahydrate. The plutonium produced there in 1942 was shipped to the Metallurgical Laboratory[32] Compton had established at the University of Chicago where Glenn Seaborg's team used it for extraction, purification, and characterization studies of the exotic substance.[33]

Compton returned to Washington University in 1946 as the ninth chancellor after 22 years at the University of Chicago.[34] He reestablished the Washington University football team and emphasized a "strictly amateur" athletic policy with no athletic scholarships. Under Compton, the university saw significant enrollment growth, driven by World War II veterans using the G.I. Bill.[35]

During the 1940s and 1950s, the university faced criticism from the local African American media, which included a letter-writing campaign by churches, the local Urban League, and legal briefs by the NAACP, seeking to strip the university of its tax-exempt status.[36] The desegregation of Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work.[37] The university ended racial segregation in its undergraduate divisions in 1952, making it the last local higher education institution to do so.

In 1957, planning began for the construction of the "South 40", a complex of modern residential halls which primarily house freshmen and some sophomore students.[38] With additional on-campus housing, the university, which had been predominantly attended by commuter students, began attracting a greater number of applicants from across the nation.[39] By 1964, over two-thirds of incoming students came from outside the St. Louis area.[40]

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Washington University faced student protests over racial inequality, notably the 1968 Black Manifesto demonstrations. The Association of Black Collegians occupied Brookings Hall, demanding increased recruitment of Black students and faculty.[41] After arrests and negotiations, the university expanded diversity efforts, including establishing African and African-American Studies, though initial resistance drew criticism.[41][42]

In 1971, the board of trustees appointed Chancellor William Henry Danforth, who guided the university through the social and financial crises of the 1970s, strengthened the School of Medicine, and improved the often tense ties between the university and the St. Louis community. During his 24-year chancellorship, he established 70 new endowed professorships, constructed dozens of buildings, secured a $1.72 billion endowment, and tripled the amount of student scholarships.[43] Under Danforth, Washington University transitioned from a commuter college to a world-renowned institution.[43]

To better distinguish itself in national media, the university's board of trustees added the phrase "in St. Louis" in 1976.[44]

In 1995, Mark S. Wrighton, former provost at MIT, was elected the university's 14th chancellor.[45] During Chancellor Wrighton's tenure undergraduate applications to Washington University more than doubled. Since 1995, the university has added more than 190 endowed professorships, revamped its Arts & Sciences curriculum, and completed more than 30 new buildings.[46]

Danforth Campus buildings

Washington University's reputation was enhanced by two major fundraising efforts since the 1980s. From 1983 to 1987, the "Alliance for Washington University" campaign raised $630.5 million, which was then the most successful fund-raising effort in national history.[47] From 1998 to 2004, the "Campaign for Washington University" raised $1.55 billion, which was applied to additional scholarships, professorships, and research initiatives.[48]

21st century

[edit]

In 2002, Washington University co-founded the Cortex Innovation Community in St. Louis's Midtown neighborhood. Cortex is the largest innovation hub in the midwest,[49] home to offices of Square, Microsoft, Aon, Boeing, and Centene. The innovation hub has generated more than 3,800 tech jobs in 14 years.[50]

In 2005, Washington University founded the McDonnell International Scholars Academy, an international network of premier research universities, with an initial endowment gift of $10 million from John F. McDonnell.[51][52][53][54] The academy, which selects scholars from 35 partnered universities around the world, was created to develop a cohort of future leaders, strengthen ties with top foreign universities, and promote global awareness and social responsibility.[55][56]

In Fall 2006, the St. Louis Metro opened the Cross–County extension of its light rail MetroLink system. Three of the nine new stations directly serve the university (Skinker, University City-Big Bend, and Forsyth). On July 1, 2006, the university began offering free Metro passes—the U Pass—to all full-time students, benefits-eligible faculty and staff, and full-time employees of qualified service providers.[57]

In June 2019, Andrew D. Martin, former dean of the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts at the University of Michigan, was elected the university's 15th chancellor.[58] On the day of his inauguration, Martin announced the "WashU Pledge", a financial aid program allowing full-time Missouri and southern Illinois students who are Pell Grant-eligible or from families with annual incomes of $75,000 or less to attend the university cost-free.[59][60]

In 2023, Washington University was one of 10 universities picked to join the Kessler Scholars Collaborative, which provides support for selected first-generation and Pell-Grant eligible STEM students.[61][62] The program aims to recruit 20 fully funded Kessler scholars per year and provide additional opportunities to close the wealth gap.[63] Also, in 2022, Washington University developed a nasal vaccine aimed at addressing COVID-19.[64]

In March 2024, Washington University agreed to purchase the campus of neighboring Fontbonne University when it closes in 2025.[65]

U.S. presidential and vice-presidential debates

[edit]

Washington University has been selected by the Commission on Presidential Debates to host more presidential and vice presidential debates than any other institution in history.[66] The campus has been the venue for four presidential debates, and one vice-presidential debate: the inaugural 1992 presidential debate on October 11, 1992,[67] the third 2000 Presidential debate on October 17,[67] the second 2004 Presidential debate on October 8,[67] the sole 2008 Vice Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Sarah Palin on October 2,[68] and the second 2016 Presidential debate on October 9.[69][70] A 1996 debate was scheduled but canceled when the number of debates was reduced to two.[71][72]

2008 Vice Presidential Debate at the Washington University Field House

Campuses

[edit]

Danforth

[edit]
Main article: Danforth Campus

The university's 169-acre Danforth Campus is bordered by the Forest Park section of St. Louis and Clayton and University City, Missouri.[73]

View of Danforth Campus

A large portion of the Danforth Campus is recognized as the Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District, which achieved National Historic Landmark status on February 27, 1987.[74][75]

The Barry Flanagan bronze statue, "Thinker on a Rock," widely known, simply, as "The Bunny", is currently on permanent loan to Washington University[76] and features prominently near Mallinckrodt Center and Graham Chapel.[77][78]

Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement

[edit]

Founded with a major gift[79] from former U.S. congressman Richard Gephardt.[80][81] Major activities of the Gephardt Institute include the hosting of speakers series, internship and career placement services, granting of money to faculty and students for community-based teaching and learning, supporting co-curricular activities with the community service office, and a summer stipend program, where the university financially supports students who take uncompensated internships in the field of public service.

Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum

[edit]
Main article: Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum
Interior view of the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum

The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country.[82] The collection includes works from 19th-, 20th-, and 21st-century American and European artists, including George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Cole, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Rembrandt, Robert Rauschenberg, Barbara Kruger, and Christian Boltanski. Also in the complex is the 3,000 sq ft (300 m2) Newman Money Museum exhibiting the collection of American numismatist Eric P. Newman. In October 2006, the Kemper Art Museum moved from its previous location, Steinberg Hall, into a new facility designed by former faculty member Fumihiko Maki. The Kemper Art Museum is located directly across from Steinberg Hall, which was Maki's first commission in 1959.

Medical

[edit]
The Washington University Medical Center as seen from Forest Park

Washington University Medical Center comprises 186 acres (75.3 ha) spread over 18 city blocks, located along the eastern edge of Forest Park within the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis.[83] The campus is home to the Washington University School of Medicine and its associated teaching hospitals, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital. Many of the buildings are connected via a series of skyways and corridors.

The school's 2,100 employed and volunteer faculty physicians also serve as the medical staff of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals, which are part of BJC HealthCare.

In 2019, Washington University was awarded a $7.6 million grant from the National Cancer Institute to create the Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control to address disparities in cancer care in parts of Missouri and Illinois.[84] In 2022, Washington University's Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences was awarded a five-year $61 million grant from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, to focus on precision medicine, health equity, and diversity.[85]

Tyson Research Center

[edit]
Main article: Tyson Research Center

Tyson Research Center is a 1,966.5-acre (3.07 sq mi; 795.81 ha) field station located west of St. Louis on the Meramec River. Washington University obtained Tyson as surplus property from the federal government in 1963. It is used by the university as a biological field station and research/education center. In 2010, the Living Learning Center was named one of the first two buildings accredited nationwide as a "living building" under the Living Building Challenge,[86] opened to serve as a biological research station and classroom for summer students.

Academics

[edit]

Admissions

[edit]

In October 2021, Washington University announced it would invest an additional $1 billion in financial aid for students.[87][88]

Washington University practices need-blind admissions and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated needs.[89][88] The new financial aid initiative, named Gateway to Success, included $800 million in endowed funding to support need-blind undergraduate admissions, meaning the university will not consider an applicant's financial situation when making admissions decisions while still meeting 100% of demonstrated financial need for admitted undergraduates.[90] Another $200 million will be designated for financial aid for graduate and professional students in the university's Brown School, the School of Law and the School of Medicine, as well as in business, engineering, art and architecture, and Arts & Sciences.[89]

Undergraduate admission to Washington University is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation and U.S. News & World Report as "most selective".[9][91] The Princeton Review, in its 2020 edition, gave the university an admissions selectivity rating of 99 out of 99.[92] The acceptance rate for the class of 2028 (those entering in the fall of 2024) was 12 percent, with students selected from 32,754 applications.[93] Of students admitted, 86 percent reporting rank were in the top 10 percent of their class.[94] 25 percent of the class were pell-eligible.

The Class of 2028 had a median ACT range of 33–35 and an SAT range of 1500–1570 for those who chose to submit their scores.[94] (Test score ranges account for the 25th–75th percentile of accepted students.)


College/School founding
College/School Year founded
College of Arts & Sciences 1853
James McKelvey School of Engineering 1854
School of Law 1867
College of Art 1879
School of Medicine 1891
College of Architecture 1910
Olin Business School 1917
Graduate School of Arts & Sciences 1922
George Warren Brown School of Social Work 1925
School of Continuing & Professional Studies 1931
Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts 2005

Arts and Sciences

[edit]
Main article: Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis
Holmes Lounge, the central reading room on campus, where students may study

The College of Arts & Sciences is home to the university's largest undergraduate program, providing students selection of courses across more than 50 disciplines, including anthropology, chemistry, English, and the performing arts.[95] It is also home to corresponding graduate programs.

The College of Arts & Sciences has an average class size of 18 students, with over 80% having fewer than 24. Almost one-half of the undergraduate classes have fewer than 10 students. The student-faculty ratio is 7:1.[2]

Business

[edit]
Main article: Olin Business School

Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917, the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988. The school's academic programs include BSBA, MBA, Professional MBA (PMBA), Executive MBA (EMBA), Master of Science programs, Master of Accounting, Global Master of Finance Dual Degree program, and doctoral programs, as well as non-degree Executive Education. In 2002, an Executive MBA program was established in Shanghai,[96] in cooperation with Fudan University.[97]

Simon Hall is a part of the Olin Business School.

School of Design and Visual Arts

[edit]
Main article: Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts

The Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts was founded in 2006, merging the existing academic units of Architecture and Art with the university's museum. The school comprises the College of Architecture, Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design, College of Art, Graduate School of Art and the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, which is considered one of the most distinguished university art collections in the country[98] In October 2006 the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum moved into new facilities designed by Pritzker Prize-winning architect, and former faculty member, Fumihiko Maki.[99] The art museum was first established in 1881 and was the first art museum west of the Mississippi River. It houses most of the university's art and sculpture collections, including pieces by Jackson Pollock, Robert Rauschenberg, Jenny Holzer, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Willem de Kooning, Henri Matisse, Joan Miró, and Rembrandt van Rijn, among others.

The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum

McKelvey School of Engineering

[edit]
Main article: McKelvey School of Engineering
Cupples Hall

On January 31, 2019, the School of Engineering & Applied Science was renamed to the James McKelvey School of Engineering.[100] This renaming honored trustee and alumnus Jim McKelvey Jr., the co-founder of Square, following his substantial donation.[101]

School of Continuing & Professional Studies

[edit]

In June 2023, Washington University announced its renamed and revamped University College as the School of Continuing & Professional Studies (CAPS).[102] CAPS was established to focus on adult learners with a focus on rapidly growing and high paying fields like data analytics, education, healthcare, and management.[102] The pre-nursing program was developed in partnership with Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College.[102]

School of Law

[edit]
Main article: Washington University School of Law
Anheuser Busch Hall, home to the School of Law

Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers LLM programs, a Master of Juridical Studies (MJS), and a Juris Doctoris (JD). The law school offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring, Summer, and Fall, and requires at least 85 credit hours of coursework for the JD.

The law school offers a full-time day program, beginning in August, for the J.D. degree. The law school is located in Anheuser-Busch Hall (opened in 1997).

Medicine

[edit]
Washington University School of Medicine
Main article: Washington University School of Medicine

The Washington University School of Medicine was established in 1891. In the 2021 U.S. News & World Report rankings of U.S. medical schools, it was ranked sixth for research[103] and tied for 31st for primary care.[104] The McDonnell Genome Institute (directed by Richard K. Wilson) is housed within the Washington University School of Medicine; it is one of three NIH-funded major DNA sequencing centers in the U.S. and played a significant role in the Human Genome Project.[105] In 2022, the Washington University School of Medicine ranked third among U.S. medical schools in terms of NIH funding received.[106][107]

The medical school partners with St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, where all physicians are members of the school's faculty.

Social Work and Public Health

[edit]
Main article: George Warren Brown School of Social Work

With roots dating back to 1909 in the university's School of Social Economy, the George Warren Brown School of Social Work was founded in 1925. Brown's academic degree offerings include a Master of Social Work, a Master of Public Health, a PhD programs. The school was endowed by Bettie Bofinger Brown and named for her husband, George Warren Brown, a St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the Brown Shoe Company. The school was the first at Washington University to admit Black students[108] and the first in the United States to have a building dedicated to social work education.[109]

Former dental school

[edit]
Main article: Washington University School of Dental Medicine

Established as the Missouri Dental College in 1866, the Washington University School of Dental Medicine was the first dental school west of the Mississippi River[110] and the sixth dental school in the United States. The school closed in 1991.[111]

Rankings and reputation

[edit]
Academic rankings
National
Forbes[112]30
U.S. News & World Report[113]21 (tie)
Washington Monthly[114]23
WSJ/College Pulse[115]26
Global
ARWU[116]23
QS[117]176 (tie)
THE[118]68
U.S. News & World Report[119]30

Washington University is ranked 21st in the nation in the 2024 U.S. News & World Report National Universities ranking,[120] and 11th by The Wall Street Journal in their 2018 rankings.[121] The university is ranked 23rd in the world for 2024 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.[122]

Seigle Hall, shared by the School of Law and the College of Arts and Sciences

The Princeton Review ranked Washington University first for Best College Dorms and third for Best College Food, Best-Run Colleges, and Best Financial Aid in its 2020 edition.[123] In its 2022 edition, Princeton Review also ranked Washington University as number 2 for "Top Entrepreneurship Under Ten Thousand Students", #1 for "Top Midwest Entreprenuerships", as a "Colleges That Create Futures" and of having a great quality of life.[124] Niche listed the university as the best college for architecture and the second-best college campus and college dorms in the United States in 2020.[125] The Washington University School of Medicine was ranked sixth for research by U.S. News & World Report in 2020 and has been listed among the top ten medical schools since the rankings were first published in 1987.[126] Additionally, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university's genetics and physical therapy as tied for first place.[127][128] QS World University Rankings ranked Washington University sixth in the world for anatomy and physiology in 2020.[129] In January 2020, Olin Business School was named the Poets&Quants MBA Program of 2019.[130]

Undergraduate admissions statistics
2020 entering
class[131]Change vs.
2015[132]
Admit rate10.0%
(Steady −0.7)
Yield rate40.2%
(Increase +5.1)
Test scores middle 50%
SAT Total1480-1560
(Increase +5 median)
ACT Composite33–35
(Increase +2.5 median)

Washington University was named one of the "25 New Ivies" by Newsweek in 2006.[133] Washington University has also been called a "Hidden Ivy".[134]

Eads Hall
Ridgley Hall

A 2014 study ranked Washington University #1 in the country for income inequality[135] About 22 percent of Washington University's students came from the top 1 percent, while only about 6 percent came from the bottom 60 percent.[136][137][138] Following criticism of these figures, the university administration announced plans to increase the percentage of Pell-eligible students on campus from 6% to 13% by 2020[139][140][141] The university achieved that goal three years early, and as of 2022, 19.9% of undergraduate students were eligible for Pell Grants, representing a 300% increase since 2012.[142] In October 2019, then newly inaugurated Chancellor Andrew D. Martin announced the "WashU Pledge", a financial aid program that provides a free undergraduate education to all full-time Missouri and Southern Illinois students who are Pell Grant eligible or from families with annual incomes of $75,000 or less.[143][144]

The American Talent Initiative found Washington University had the highest Pell growth rate among 130 major universities between the 2015–16 and 2019–20 academic years.[145] By 2021, 16% of first-year students were from low- and moderate-income backgrounds.[146]

School Rankings
Ranking #
U.S. News & World Report (Medicine) 6[126]
U.S. News & World Report (Law) 16[147]
U.S. News & World Report (MBA) 30[148]
U.S. News & World Report (Social Work) 2[149]
BusinessWeek (BSBA) 25[150]
Financial Times (EMBA – World Rank) 8[151]

Research

[edit]

More than 60% of undergraduates are involved in faculty research across all areas;[152] it is an institutional priority for undergraduates to be allowed to participate in advanced research. According to the Center for Measuring University Performance, it is considered to be one of the top 10 private research universities in the nation.[153] A dedicated Office of Undergraduate Research is located on the Danforth Campus and serves as a resource to post research opportunities, advise students in finding appropriate positions matching their interests, publish undergraduate research journals, and award research grants to make it financially possible to perform research.[154]

Brown Hall

According to the National Science Foundation, Washington University spent $989 million on research and development in 2021, ranking it 25th in the nation.[10][11] The university has over 150 National Institutes of Health funded inventions, with many of them licensed to private companies. Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, United States Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and NASA provide the majority of research grant funding, with Washington University being one of the top recipients in NIH grants from year-to-year. Nearly 80% of NIH grants to institutions in the state of Missouri went to Washington University alone in 2007.[155] Washington University and its medical school play a large part in the Human Genome Project, where it contributes approximately 25% of the finished sequence.[156]

NASA hosts its Planetary Data System Geosciences Node on the campus of Washington University. Professors, students, and researchers have been heavily involved with many unmanned missions to Mars. Professor Raymond Arvidson has been deputy principal investigator of the Mars Exploration Rover mission and co-investigator of the Phoenix lander robotic arm.[157]

Washington University professor Joseph Lowenstein, with the assistance of several undergraduate students, has been involved in editing, annotating, making a digital archive of the first publication of poet Edmund Spenser's collective works in 100 years. A large grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities was given to support this project centralized at Washington University with support from other colleges in the United States.[158]

In 2019, Folding@Home, a distributed computing project for performing molecular dynamics simulations of protein dynamics, was moved to Washington University School of Medicine from Stanford University. The project, currently led by Greg Bowman, uses the idle CPU time of personal computers owned by volunteers to conduct protein folding research.[159] Folding@home's research is primarily focused on biomedical problems such as Alzheimer's disease, Cancer, Coronavirus disease 2019, and Ebola virus disease. In April 2020, Folding@home became the world's first exaFLOP computing system with a peak performance of 1.5 exaflops, making it more than seven times faster than the world's fastest supercomputer, Summit, and more powerful than the top 100 supercomputers in the world, combined.[160][161]

McDonnell International Scholars Academy

[edit]

The McDonnell International Scholars Academy (MISA) is an alliance between universities that supports collaboration on research, development of joint educational opportunities, and joint research conferences.[162][163] The program is named after John F. McDonnell, who provided an initial $10 million gift to establish the academy in 2005.[164] MISA features a graduate-level endowed scholarship program for international students to study at Washington University.[165] Founded in 2005, the academy's core mission is to develop a community of future global leaders from partner institutions worldwide.[166] The program is believed to be the first of its kind in the United States.[167]

Library system

[edit]
Main article: Washington University Libraries
Olin Library
Reading room in Anheuser-Busch Hall

The Washington University library system comprises 10 libraries, with the main library, Olin Library, centrally located on the Danforth Campus. According to the American Library Association, it is the 44th largest library in the United States in terms of volumes held, containing over 5.3 million volumes.[168] It is a member of the Association of Research Libraries.[169] In 2020, the Princeton Review ranked the Olin Library among the top 10 "Best College Libraries" in the United States.[170] The remaining libraries in the system include:

  • Al and Ruth Kopolow (Business) Library
  • Bernard Becker Medical Library
  • Brown School Library
  • East Asian Library
  • Gaylord Music Library
  • Kenneth and Nancy Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library
  • Law Library
  • West Campus Library

Campus life

[edit]
Main article: Campus life at Washington University in St. Louis

Student body

[edit]

In 2023, Washington University enrolled approximately 16,500 students who came from all 50 U.S. states and more than 110 countries.[171]

Of the 1,832 first year students enrolled in Fall 2023, 35% were Caucasian, 27 percent were Asian, 13 percent were Latino/Hispanic, 12 percent were Black/African-American, 11 percent were International, 1 percent were Native American/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and 1 percent did not identity; 52 percent were female and 48 percent were male.[172]

Student organizations

[edit]
Student body composition as of March 8, 2025
Race and ethnicity[173] Total
White 44% 44
 
Asian 20% 20
 
Hispanic 12% 12
 
Black 9% 9
 
Other[a] 8% 8
 
Foreign national 7% 7
 
Economic diversity
Low-income[b] 16% 16
 
Affluent[c] 84% 84
 

Washington University has over 300 undergraduate student organizations on campus.[174] Most are funded by the Washington University Student Union, which, as of fiscal year 2024, has an annual budget of $4.2 million.[175] The Student Union sponsors large-scale campus programs including WILD (a semesterly concert in the quad) and free copies of the New York Times, USA Today, and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch through The Collegiate Readership Program.

Women's Building

Many of these organizations and other campus life amenities are housed in the $43 million Danforth University Center on the Danforth Campus, also dedicated in honor of emeritus Chancellor William Henry Danforth.[176] The building opened on August 11, 2008.[177]

McMillan Hall

Washington University has a large number of student-run musical groups on campus, including 13 official a cappella groups. The Pikers, an all-male group, is the oldest such group on campus. The Greenleafs, an all-female group is the oldest (and only) female group on campus. The Mosaic Whispers, founded in 1991, is the oldest co-ed group on campus. They have produced 9 albums and have appeared on a number of compilation albums, including Ben Folds' Ben Folds Presents: University A Cappella![178] The Amateurs, who also appeared on this album, is another co-ed a cappella group on campus, founded in 1991. They have recorded seven albums and toured extensively. After Dark[179] is a co-ed a cappella group founded in 2001. It has released three albums and has won several Contemporary A Capella Recording (CARA) awards. In 2008 the group performed on MSNBC during coverage of the vice presidential debate with specially written songs about Joe Biden and Sarah Palin.[180]

Greek life

[edit]
Fraternity Buildings

Washington University has eleven fraternities and nine sororities on campus. In 2020, a large number of Greek life members, primarily from sororities permanently deactivated from their chapters as a result of perceived systematic oppression, racism, and sexism.[181] Some students called for the total abolition of Greek Life on campus.[181] As of 2024, approximately 18% of the undergraduate student body participated in Greek life.[182]

Residences

[edit]

Most of the residence halls on campus are located on the South 40, named because of its adjacent location on the south side of the Danforth Campus and its size of 40 acres (16 ha). It is the location of all freshman buildings as well as several sophomore buildings, which are set up in the traditional residential college system. All of the residential halls are co-ed. The South 40 is organized as a pedestrian-friendly environment wherein residences surround a central recreational lawn known as the Swamp. Bear's Den (the largest dining hall on campus), the Student Health Center for the Danforth Campus, the Residential Life Office, University police headquarters, various student-owned businesses, and the baseball, softball, and intramural fields located on the South 40.

The South 40
Clocktower located in the South 40

Another group of residences, known as the Village, is located in the northwest corner of Danforth Campus. Only open to upperclassmen and January Scholars, the North Side consists of Millbrook Apartments, The Village, Village East on-campus apartments, and all fraternity houses except the Zeta Beta Tau house, which is off campus and located just northwest of the South 40. Sororities at Washington University do not have houses by their own accord. The Village is a group of residences where students who have similar interests or academic goals apply as small groups of 4 to 24, known as Living Learning Communities (LLCs), to live together in clustered suites. Like the South 40, the residences around the Village also surround a recreational lawn.

Student media

[edit]

Washington University supports four major student-run media outlets. The university's student-run newspaper, Student Life, is published twice a week under the auspices of Washington University Student Media, Inc., an independent not-for-profit organization incorporated in 1999. Founded in 1878, it is one of the oldest college newspapers in the United States.[183][184]

KWUR (90.3 FM) serves as the students' official radio station; the station also attracts an audience in the immediately surrounding community due to its eclectic and free-form musical programming. WUTV is the university's closed-circuit television channel.

The university's main student-run political publication is the Washington University Political Review (nicknamed "WUPR"), a self-described "multipartisan" monthly magazine. Washington University undergraduates publish two literary and art journals, The Eliot Review and Spires Intercollegiate Arts and Literary Magazine.

Athletics

[edit]
Main article: Washington University Bears

Washington University was a founding member of the University Athletic Association of NCAA Division III[185] and previously was a founding member of the Missouri Valley Conference. Between 1907 and 1942, Washington University played with what are now classified as NCAA Division I teams. The Bears have won 26 NCAA Division III Championships—ten in volleyball (1989, 1991–1996, 2003, 2007, 2009), five in women's basketball (1998–2001, 2010), two in men's basketball (2008, 2009), two in women's cross country (2011, 2018), two in women's outdoor track and field (2017, 2024), two in women's soccer (2016, 2024), one in men's tennis (2008), one in women's indoor track and field (2017), and one in men's indoor track and field (2022) – and 266 conference titles.[186]

Francis Olympic Field during the 1904 St. Louis Olympics

Washington University hosts 42 club sports.[171] The Washington University men's club water polo team won the Collegiate Water Polo Association Division III Club National Championship title in 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019.[187][188]

Washington University is home to Francis Olympic Field (formerly Francis Field),[189] the site of the 1904 Summer Olympics.[190] The field also serves as the home for the university's football, soccer, and track and field teams. In 2019, the venue was renamed Francis Olympic Field to honor its significance in Olympic history and St. Louis' role as the host city of the first Olympic Games held outside of Europe. The Olympic flame has also passed through Francis Olympic Field three times, during the torch relays for the 1984 Los Angeles, 1996 Atlanta, and 2004 Athens Summer Olympics[190]

Traditions

[edit]
Gates at Francis Field
  • WILD – Walk In, Lay Down, the semesterly concert in the Quad which brings in popular musical acts.[191]
  • Thurtene Carnival – The oldest and largest student-run carnival in the nation,[192][193] run by Thurtene Honorary.[194]
  • Vertigo – A dance party put on by the Engineering School Council (EnCouncil), featuring an innovative 8-by-16-foot (2.4 by 4.9 m) computer-controlled modular LED illuminated dance floor built by students.
  • Brookings Hall – A superstition among students to never step on the university seal at Brookings Hall. It is said that doing so will prevent one from graduating on time.[195]
  • Art Prom – Every Spring, students from the Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts host a “formal” dance with a creative twist.[196]
  • Underpass Panels – A series of panels along the walls of the underpass connecting the South 40 to the main Danforth Campus.[197] Tradition involves the painting of each panel by students and clubs to advertise upcoming events. Located adjacent to the underpass is a large concrete ball, a concrete cube, and pyramid, also painted to advertise student events.[198]

Notable people

[edit]
Main articles: List of Washington University alumni, List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis as alumni or faculty, and List of Washington University faculty and staff

Washington University has a community of over 19,000 faculty and staff members, as well as more than 156,000 living alumni. Its alumni and faculty have received numerous prestigious awards and honors, including the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award, National Book Critics Circle Award, National Medal of Science, National Medal of Arts, Rhodes Scholarship, Harry S. Truman Scholarship, Marshall Scholarship, Churchill Scholarship, Guggenheim Fellowship, Fulbright Fellowship, Putnam Fellowship, MacArthur Fellowship, and the title of U.S. Poet Laureate, along with memberships in the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Royal Society of London, American Institute of Architects, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, American Academy of Arts and Letters, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Law Institute, American Philosophical Society, National Academy of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[13]

Alumni

[edit]

Notable undergraduate alumni include Avram Glazer,[199] chairman of Manchester United; Jon Feltheimer,[200] CEO of Lionsgate Films; George Zimmer,[201] founder of Men's Wearhouse; Phil Radford,[202] former executive director of Greenpeace; Siniša Mali,[203] deputy prime minister of Serbia; Jim Talent,[204] former U.S. senator from Missouri; Chic Hecht,[205] former U.S. senator from Nevada; Hal Daub,[206] former U.S. congressman from Nebraska; Pulitzer Prize-winning journalists Ken Cooper[207][208] and Hank Klibanoff;[209] Tony Award-winning theatrical producer David Merrick;[210][211] baseball player Dal Maxvill;[212] and the first director of the World Health Organization's Global Program on AIDS, Jonathan Mann.[213] Additionally, the list includes science show host, Deanne Bell (Design Squad);[214] New York Times bestselling author, Susannah Cahalan;[215] character actress, Mary Wickes;[216] television actor, Johnny Kastl;[217] Award-winning actor Peter Sarsgaard;[218][219] Paralympic Gold Medalist, Kendall Gretsch;[220] and radical feminist, Shulamith Firestone.[221] Undergraduate alumni also include co-inventor of nylon Julian W. Hill;[222] co-discoverer of the neutrino Clyde Cowan;[223] Governor of Illinois James R. Thompson;[224] U.S. Ambassador to Belgium Sam Fox;[225] Edward S. Holden, president of the University of California;[226] Thomas Lamb Eliot,[227] founder of Reed College; and Abram L. Sachar,[228] founding president of Brandeis University. Graduates of the College of Architecture include George Hellmuth,[229] Gyo Obata,[230] and George Kassabaum,[231] founders of HOK, the world's fourth-largest architectural firm.

Notable graduate alumni include Nobel laureates Earl Wilber Sutherland,[232] Edwin G. Krebs,[233] and Daniel Nathans,[234] who all graduated from the School of Medicine. Businessman and adventurer Steve Fossett earned his MBA from the business school.[235] Playwright A. E. Hotchner also earned his JD from the law school.[236] Doctoral alumni include the former presidents of Johns Hopkins, Clemson, Wake Forest, Morehouse, Mount Union, Yonsei, and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Mike Simpson, U.S. representative for Idaho’s 2nd congressional district, is a graduate of the dental school.[237][238]

Notable individuals who attended but did not graduate include playwright Tennessee Williams, who left in protest after not winning a playwriting prize;[239][240] Charles Eames, who was expelled for defending modernist architecture;[241] Jack C. Taylor, founder of Enterprise Rent-a-Car, who withdrew to fight in World War II;[242] Pulitzer Prize winner and bestselling author Bill Dedman, who left to pursue a career as a newspaper reporter;[243] and Marilyn vos Savant, the IQ-record holder, who left to assist with a family investment business.[244]

Faculty

[edit]

Notable faculty include 56th governor of Missouri Eric Greitens;[266] economist Hyman Minsky;[267] novelists Stanley Elkin[268] and William H. Gass;[269][270] poet Carl Phillips;[271] architect Louis C. Spering;[272] artist Max Beckmann;[273] sex researchers William Masters and Virginia Johnson;[274][275] writer and culture critic Gerald Early;[276] two-time United States Poet Laureate Howard Nemerov;[277][278] founder of the American Association of University Professors Arthur Oncken Lovejoy;[279] chemist Joseph W. Kennedy, co-discoverer of the element plutonium;[280] first woman director of both the National Gallery of Canada and the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Jean Sutherland Boggs;[281] chemist Holden Thorp, editor-in-chief of Science Magazine,[282] and Guggenheim fellowship and Pushcart Prize winner Mary Jo Bang.[283]

  1. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  2. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  3. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Endowment Facts". Washington University in St. Louis. 2024. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d "University Facts". Washington University in St. Louis. 2024. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "College Navigator - Washington University in St. Louis". National Center for Education Statistics. 2024. Archived from the original on September 14, 2024. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  4. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis (About)". Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on January 3, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
  5. ^ "History of Tyson – Tyson Research Center". Biology Department, Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  6. ^ "IPEDS-Washington University in St Louis". Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
  7. ^ "Color Palettes". Office of Public Affairs, Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on July 28, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  8. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis". Association of American Universities (AAU). Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  9. ^ a b "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". Center for Postsecondary Education. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Universities Report Largest Growth in Federally Funded R&D Expenditures since FY 2011 | NSF - National Science Foundation". ncses.nsf.gov. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  11. ^ a b Zalaznick, Matt (January 6, 2023). "Billion-dollar business: These are higher ed's top 30 R&D performers". University Business. Archived from the original on December 24, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  12. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis: Nobel Prize awarded to WashU economist Philip Dybvig". India Education. 2022-10-20. Archived from the original on 2023-01-07. Retrieved 2023-01-07. Dybvig joins a prestigious list of 26 Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University. Dybvig joined Olin's faculty in 1990. He previously taught at Princeton University and was tenured at Yale University. He has published two textbooks and more than 35 articles in leading journals.
  13. ^ a b Rooney, Sonya. "Research Guides: WashU History FAQ: Awards & Honors - WU Faculty". libguides.wustl.edu. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
  14. ^ "U.S. Rhodes Scholarships Number of Winners by Institution U.S. Rhodes Scholars 1904 – 2023" (PDF). The Rhodes Trust. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 22, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  15. ^ "Scholar Listing | The Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation". www.truman.gov. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  16. ^ Keaggy, Diane Toroian (December 13, 2021). "Senior Kuziez named Marshall Scholar". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
  17. ^ "Churchill Scholarship". Archived from the original on April 15, 2021.
  18. ^ "About Arts & Sciences". Arts & Sciences. June 3, 2021. Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  19. ^ WOF (February 13, 2025). "William Greenleaf Eliot". St. Louis Walk of Fame. Retrieved March 7, 2025.
  20. ^ "Joseph Gibson Hoyt". washu.edu. Archived from the original on November 3, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2025.
  21. ^ "Charter". Board of Trustees. Archived from the original on December 9, 2024. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  22. ^ "The Founding of Washington University". Washington University in St. Louis Magazine. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  23. ^ Rectenwald, Miranda. "Research Guides: WU History FAQ: Origin of Washington University's Name". libguides.wustl.edu. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  24. ^ "Washington University". Northern Illinois University Libraries Digitization Projects. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009.
  25. ^ "Manual Training School, Washington University | Northern Illinois University Digital Library". digital.lib.niu.edu. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
  26. ^ "Our History - MICDS". Mary Institute and Saint Louis Country Day School. Archived from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
  27. ^ "History and Traditions". Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on April 8, 2020.
  28. ^ "Washington-University" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2020.
  29. ^ a b "Architecture of Danforth Campus". Wustl.edu. Archived from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
  30. ^ "Washington University Hilltop Campus, 1899-1951". St. Louis County. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  31. ^ "Frederic Aldin Hall". washu.edu. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  32. ^ "Manhattan Project: Processes > PLUTONIUM PRODUCTION". www.osti.gov. Archived from the original on February 20, 2025. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  33. ^ "Arthur Holly Compton". washu.edu. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  34. ^ Allison, Samuel K. (1965). "Arthur Holly Compton 1892–1962". Biographical Memoirs. 38. National Academy of Sciences: 81–110. ISSN 0077-2933. OCLC 1759017.
  35. ^ "Arthur Holly Compton". washu.edu. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2025.
  36. ^ Bernhard, Blythe (February 18, 2024). "New push for tax-exempt Washington U. to donate to St. Louis, University City schools". STLtoday.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2025. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  37. ^ "Desegregation at Washington University in St. Louis". Washington University in St. Louis: University Libraries. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
  38. ^ "South 40 Residential Colleges". Students. October 29, 2018. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  39. ^ "Ethan A.H. Shepley". washu.edu. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
  40. ^ O'Connor, Candace (2003). Beginning a Great Work: Washington University in St. Louis, 1853-2003. Washington University in St. Louis. p. 207. ISBN 9780972096645.
  41. ^ a b Early, Rosalind (August 6, 2018). "A tradition of activism: The 1968 Brookings occupation". The Source. Archived from the original on February 17, 2025. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  42. ^ Sargeant, Davis (September 1, 2011). "Civil Rights and Washington University: a complex history". Student Life - The independent newspaper of Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022.
  43. ^ a b Seelye, Katherine (October 6, 2020). "William Danforth, Who Led Washington University, Dies at 94". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
  44. ^ "Origin of the 'Washington' Name". Washington University in St. Louis: University Libraries. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009.
  45. ^ "Wash U chancellor to resign in 2019". ksdk.com. October 6, 2017. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024.
  46. ^ "Mark S. Wrighton". washu.edu. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024.
  47. ^ Duenke, Ken (September 8, 2006). "Campus named for Danforths". The Source. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  48. ^ Winter, Greg (December 22, 2003). "A Mighty Fund-Raising Effort Helps Lift a College's Ranking". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  49. ^ "Our History". www.cortexstl.org. Archived from the original on February 19, 2025.
  50. ^ Wagner, Julie (May 5, 2016). "In St. Louis, a gateway to innovation and inclusion". Brookings. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018.
  51. ^ "Leading US Education University Promotes New International Programs". Voice of America. October 29, 2009. Archived from the original on 2025-03-07.
  52. ^ "Secretary-General's remarks at meeting with the McDonnell International Scholars Academy [as prepared for delivery]". United Nations Secretary-General. 2014-03-11. Archived from the original on 2021-02-03. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  53. ^ Lipka, Sara (November 4, 2005). "Washington U. Partners With 15 Asian Universities". The Chronicle of Higher Education.
  54. ^ Epstein, David. "Coming to America". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
  55. ^ "McDonnell International Scholars Academy at Washington University in St. Louis". September 10, 2013. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021.
  56. ^ "McDonnell International Scholars Academy". Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020.
  57. ^ "WUSTL to provide free Metro passes". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. March 3, 2006. Archived from the original on June 26, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  58. ^ Bernhard, Blythe (2018-07-14). "From a student apartment to the chancellor's house, Wash U's new leader comes home". STLtoday.com. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  59. ^ Kirn, Jacob (October 3, 2019). "New Washington U chancellor unveils free tuition plan for families making $75K or less". St. Louis Business Journal. Archived from the original on January 2, 2024.
  60. ^ Nelson, Alisa (October 4, 2019). "Prestigious private Missouri university to offer free college to qualifying students". Missourinet. Archived from the original on April 16, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  61. ^ Donadel, Alcino (May 25, 2023). "This program dedicated to boosting first-gen success rates is tripling down". University Business. Archived from the original on January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  62. ^ Nietzel, Michael T. (April 12, 2022). "The Kessler Scholars Program Expands To Ten More Leading Colleges And Universities". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022.
  63. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis To Launch Scholars Program for First-Gen STEM Students". Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. 2022-04-13. Archived from the original on 2022-05-10. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  64. ^ "India and China clear needle-free COVID-19 vaccines". AP NEWS. September 6, 2022. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022.
  65. ^ "Fontbonne University in Missouri to close due to budget problems and declining enrollment". AP News. March 11, 2024. Archived from the original on March 11, 2024.
  66. ^ "Vintage KSDK: The founding of Washington University in St. Louis". ksdk.com. March 24, 2022. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022.
  67. ^ a b c "The 4 times Washington U. has hosted presidential or vice-presidential debates". STLtoday.com. September 24, 2015. Archived from the original on January 2, 2024.
  68. ^ "Vice Presidential Candidates Debate". C-SPAN. October 2, 2008. Archived from the original on September 21, 2022.
  69. ^ "2nd Presidential Debate: 11 Moments That Mattered". ABC News. October 9, 2016. Archived from the original on January 19, 2025.
  70. ^ Caldwell, Leigh Ann (October 10, 2016). "Six top moments from the second presidential debate". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 6, 2024.
  71. ^ Camia, Catalina. "Ready for debates? 16 sites eager to be 2016 hosts". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  72. ^ "First debate canceled; others still on schedule". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  73. ^ Ihnen, Alex (October 31, 2014). "Washington University Set for Major Transformation of Danforth Campus". NextSTL. Archived from the original on November 7, 2024.
  74. ^ "Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District - National Historic Landmark". stlouis-mo.gov. Archived from the original on August 25, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
  75. ^ "Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District". LandmarkHunter.com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023.
  76. ^ "'Meet me at the Bunny': The history of the iconic campus statue - Student Life". Student Life - The independent newspaper of Washington University in St. Louis. November 19, 2018. Archived from the original on 2025-02-14. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
  77. ^ "Thinker On Rock - Washington University - St. Louis - Figurative Public Sculpture on Waymarking.com". www.waymarking.com. Archived from the original on February 14, 2025. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
  78. ^ "A freshman's guide to wacky staples of Wash. U. - Student Life". Student Life - The independent newspaper of Washington University in St. Louis. August 24, 2017. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
  79. ^ Savat, Sara (January 6, 2022). "The Legacy of January 6, 2021". The Source.
  80. ^ "Richard Gephardt, Former U.S. House Majority Leader, to Deliver Iona University Commencement Keynote". Iona University. March 4, 2024. Archived from the original on September 15, 2024.
  81. ^ "#ThisCivicMoment: Gephardt Institute creates space for WU community members to reflect on current events - Student Life". Student Life - The independent newspaper of Washington University in St. Louis. October 2, 2020.
  82. ^ "Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum - St. Louis, MO". greatriverroad.com. October 23, 2019. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022.
  83. ^ "Washington University Medical Campus". Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Archived from the original on 2018-12-04. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
  84. ^ "Washington University Receives $7.6 Million Grant from National Cancer Institute". Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. October 20, 2019. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022.
  85. ^ Barr, Diana (May 16, 2022). "Washington University researchers receive $61M federal grant for biomedical research". Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  86. ^ "Biology and Building—The Living Learning Center at Washington University's Tyson Research Center: A Journey on the Path to the Living Building Challenge" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 16, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  87. ^ Burt, Chris (October 5, 2021). "Windfall at WashU! Endowment gains lead to $1 billion in financial aid to students". University Business. Archived from the original on January 10, 2024.
  88. ^ a b Jaschik, Scott (October 10, 2021). "WashU Goes Need Blind in Admissions". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on October 4, 2022.
  89. ^ a b Nietzel, Michael T. (October 5, 2021). "Washington University Is Going Need-Blind In Admissions". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021.
  90. ^ Bernhard, Blythe (October 5, 2021). "Washington University to boost student financial aid by $1 billion". STLtoday.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2023.
  91. ^ "WashU Selectivity Rating". Archived from the original on July 4, 2019.
  92. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews". www.princetonreview.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021.
  93. ^ Keaggy, Diane Toroian (August 28, 2024). "WashU enrolls more limited-income, first-generation students; share of Black students decreases". The Source. Archived from the original on January 27, 2025.
  94. ^ a b "Our Students - Undergraduate Admissions | Washington University in St. Louis". Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on February 14, 2025. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
  95. ^ "College of Arts & Sciences < Washington University in St.Louis". bulletin.wustl.edu. Archived from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
  96. ^ "Washington University-Fudan University EMBA | Global Perspective Local Insights". www.fdsm.fudan.edu.cn. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023.
  97. ^ Gillet, Kit (March 26, 2013). "In China, Executives Flock Back to School for Unfinished Business". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 24, 2021.
  98. ^ Eckmann, Sabine (2016). Spotlights: Collected by the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum. Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum. ISBN 978-0936316420.
  99. ^ "Fumihiko Maki". Architectuul. Archived from the original on 2024-01-01. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  100. ^ "Wash U Receives Donation From Square Co-Founder And Renames School Of Engineering". STLPR. 2019-01-31. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  101. ^ Barker, Jacob (2019-01-31). "Wash U renaming engineering school after Square co-founder Jim McKelvey". STLtoday.com. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  102. ^ a b c Gieseke, Drew (2023-08-16). "WashU looks to the future for adult learners with new School of Continuing & Professional Studies". Ladue News. Archived from the original on 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  103. ^ Best Medical Schools: Research Archived March 20, 2018, at the Wayback Machine (2019), U.S. News & World Report.
  104. ^ Best Medical Schools: Primary Care Archived June 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine (2019), U.S. News & World Report.
  105. ^ "About the McDonnell Genome Institute". McDonnell Genome Institute. April 5, 2018. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  106. ^ "Home | Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research". brimr.org. 2022-10-27. Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  107. ^ Niemeyer, Kelly Wiese (2023-02-07). "WashU Medicine reaches new heights as it climbs to No. 3 in NIH research funding". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  108. ^ "About - Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis". July 27, 2023. Archived from the original on October 28, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
  109. ^ Candace O'Connor (2008). What We Believe: A History of the George Warren Brown School of Social Work: 1909-2007. Washington University in St. Louis. ISBN 978-0981541518. Archived from the original on 2024-07-09. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
  110. ^ "Longtime dentist going strong after six decades of work". Arkansas Online. 2012-09-30. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  111. ^ Shapiro, Jordan (10 June 2015). "New St. Louis dental clinic looks to close gaps in coverage". STLtoday.com. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  112. ^ "America's Top Colleges 2024". Forbes. September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  113. ^ "2024-2025 Best National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 23, 2024. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  114. ^ "2024 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  115. ^ "2025 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
  116. ^ "2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities". ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. August 15, 2024. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
  117. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2025". Quacquarelli Symonds. June 4, 2024. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  118. ^ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education. September 27, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  119. ^ "2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. June 24, 2024. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  120. ^ U.S. News & World Report (2024). "U.S. News & World Report College Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  121. ^ "College Rankings". WSJ. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
  122. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 2024-08-15. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  123. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews". www.princetonreview.com. Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  124. ^ "Washington University in St. Louis - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews". www.princetonreview.com. Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  125. ^ "2020 Washington University in St. Louis Rankings". Niche. Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  126. ^ a b "2021 Best Medical Schools: Research". Archived from the original on March 20, 2018.
  127. ^ "Best Genetics Programs". Archived from the original on November 24, 2019.
  128. ^ "Best Physical Therapy Programs". Archived from the original on February 5, 2020.
  129. ^ "Anatomy & Physiology". Top Universities. 2020-02-24. Archived from the original on 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  130. ^ Byrne, John A. (2020-01-14). "MBA Program Of The Year: Washington University's Newly Revamped MBA". Poets&Quants. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  131. ^ "Common Data Set 2020–2021" (PDF). Washington University in St. Louis. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved Mar 18, 2022.
  132. ^ "Common Data Set 2015–2016" (PDF). Washington University in St. Louis. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved Mar 18, 2022.
  133. ^ "America's 25 New Elite 'Ivies'". Newsweek. 2006-08-20. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  134. ^ Greene, Howard; Greene, Matthew (2016). The Hidden Ivies, 3rd Edition: 63 of America's Top Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities. New York: Cliff Street Books. ISBN 978-0-06-095362-1.
  135. ^ "The Most Economically Diverse Top Colleges". The New York Times. 2014-09-08. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
  136. ^ "Some Colleges Have More Students From the Top 1 Percent Than the Bottom 60. Find Yours". The New York Times. 2017-01-18. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  137. ^ "A Distinction Washington U. Wants to Lose: Least Economically Diverse". The Chronicle of Higher Education. 2015-02-26. Archived from the original on 2020-11-08. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  138. ^ "At top colleges, diversity not just black-white". NBC News. 28 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  139. ^ Schienvar, Emily (22 January 2015). "University announces plan to increase Pell-eligible numbers". Student Life. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
  140. ^ Leonhardt, David (2015-01-15). "The Least Economically Diverse Top College, Seeking to Change". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  141. ^ "Washington University Made An Effort To Increase Diversity, And It's Working". HuffPost. 2015-06-29. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  142. ^ "Our Progress | Equity, Diversity & Inclusion | Washington University in St. Louis". Equity, Diversity & Inclusion. Archived from the original on 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
  143. ^ "Washington University unveils tuition-free aid program". AP NEWS. 2019-10-04. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  144. ^ Hanshaw, Annelise (February 26, 2024). "Wash U. prioritizes need-based aid after years of low socioeconomic diversity • Missouri Independent". Missouri Independent. Retrieved 2025-03-08.
  145. ^ Kurzweil, Martin; LaViolet, Tania; Davidson Pisacreta, Elizabeth; Rabinowitz, Adam; Schwartz, Emily; Wyner, Josh. "Expanding Opportunity for Lower-Income Students" (PDF). American Talent Initiative. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
  146. ^ Blake, Jessica. "For Selective Institutions, Progress and Backsliding on Socioeconomic Diversity". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on September 11, 2023. Retrieved September 11, 2023.
  147. ^ "2021 Best Law Schools". Archived from the original on March 20, 2017.
  148. ^ "2021 Best Business Schools". Archived from the original on March 14, 2012.
  149. ^ "Top Health Schools". Usnews.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  150. ^ Levy, Francesca; Rodkin, Jonathan. "These Are the Best Undergraduate Business Schools of 2016". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  151. ^ "Reputation and World Rankings". Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
  152. ^ "More than 60% of undergraduates perform research". Washington University in St. Louis: Admissions. Archived from the original on July 14, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
  153. ^ "The Top American Research Universities" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 5, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  154. ^ "Office of Undergraduate Research | Washington University in St. Louis". Ur.wustl.edu. Archived from the original on January 8, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  155. ^ "Research Activity, 2007 Annual Report" (PDF). Washington University in St. Louis: Office of Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 9, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
  156. ^ "Genome Sequencing Center". Archived from the original on May 5, 2009.
  157. ^ Fitzpatrick, Tony (June 12, 2008). "WUSTL plays key role in Phoenix Mars Mission". Record. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
  158. ^ "National Endowment for the Humanities Awards and Offers, June 2009" (PDF). June 1, 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 28, 2021. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  159. ^ "Computational biology project aims to better understand protein folding". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. 2019-02-26. Archived from the original on 2020-04-10. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  160. ^ Patrizio, Andy (2020-04-01). "Thousands of PCs break exaFLOP barrier". Network World. Archived from the original on 2020-04-12. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  161. ^ "Folding@home stats report". archive.is. 2020-04-08. Archived from the original on 2020-04-08. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  162. ^ "Major Indo-US Advanced Bioenergy Consortium launches". Biodiesel Magazine. 2014-10-17. Archived from the original on 2020-07-25. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  163. ^ "IIT Delhi students to be mentored by Washington University". The Times of India. 2017-12-15. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  164. ^ "Educating Future World Leaders". Washington Magazine. Archived from the original on 2020-10-22. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  165. ^ "Secretary-General's remarks at meeting with the McDonnell International Scholars Academy". United Nations. March 11, 2014. Archived from the original on 2021-02-03. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  166. ^ "Brisbane McDonnell academy symposium to tackle world's great challenges". Get STEM. 20 September 2016. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  167. ^ "Newly inaugurated Washington University Chancellor Andrew D. Martin makes 'WashU Pledge'". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. 2019-10-03. Archived from the original on December 25, 2019. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  168. ^ "Library Statistics and Figures: The Nation's Largest Libraries: A Listing by Volumes Held". American Library Association. Archived from the original on June 23, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
  169. ^ "List of ARL Members". Association of Research Libraries. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
  170. ^ "Best College Library | The Princeton Review". www.princetonreview.com. Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  171. ^ a b "University Facts". Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on November 29, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  172. ^ "Our Students - Undergraduate Admissions | Washington University in St. Louis". Undergraduate Admissions. Archived from the original on November 26, 2023.
  173. ^ "School Profile | College Scorecard". collegescorecard.ed.gov. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
  174. ^ "Directory of Student Groups". Washington University Student Union. Archived from the original on December 17, 2006.
  175. ^ "SU passes general budget of $4.2 million - Student Life". Student Life - The independent newspaper of Washington University in St. Louis. 2023-03-30. Archived from the original on 2023-04-18. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  176. ^ Volkmann, Kelsey (July 22, 2008). "Clayco completes $43M University Center at Washington University". www.bizjournals.com. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  177. ^ Johnson, Julia (September 28, 2008). "Washington U. unveils $43 million student center". www.bizjournals.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013.
  178. ^ Holden, Tyler (March 21, 2023). "Ben Folds: You Don't Know Him At All". The Carolinian.
  179. ^ "After Dark website". Wuafterdark.com. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  180. ^ "Wash U. Palin, Biden Love Song". CBSNews.com. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013.
  181. ^ a b "As Wash U Students Reckon With Greek System, Some Want It Gone For Good". STLPR. March 18, 2021. Archived from the original on January 2, 2024.
  182. ^ "Sororities & Fraternities". Campus Life. Archived from the original on 2025-01-20. Retrieved 2025-03-07.
  183. ^ Schoenherr, Neil (September 10, 2003). "Student Life alumni celebrate 125 years of publishing". The Source.
  184. ^ "Washington University Student Media, Inc. dba Student Life Newspaper". The Org. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
  185. ^ "UNIVERSITY ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University". case.edu. 2023-12-20. Archived from the original on 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  186. ^ "National Championships". Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on January 14, 2025.
  187. ^ "Some Days the Bears Get You: Washington University in St. Louis Paws Past Middlebury College, 14-9, to Capture 2015 Division III National Collegiate Club Championship: Collegiate Water Polo Association". Collegiatewaterpolo.org. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-08-22.
  188. ^ "Three-Peat: Washington University in St. Louis Doubles Carnegie Mellon University, 14-7, to Capture 2016 Men's Division III National Collegiate Club Championship: Collegiate Water Polo Association". Collegiatewaterpolo.org. Archived from the original on 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  189. ^ "Washington Stadium is now called Francis Field". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. October 27, 1907. p. 31. Archived from the original on December 1, 2024.
  190. ^ a b "Francis Field Stadium". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  191. ^ Keaggy, Diane Toroian (2023-05-01). "Celebrating 50 years of WILD, one of WashU's largest campus traditions". The Source. Retrieved 2025-03-08.
  192. ^ "Thurtene Carnival is a highlight of spring". stltoday.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018.
  193. ^ "April 21-23, 2017". Thurtene.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2017.
  194. ^ Schoenherr, Neil (April 19, 2006). "Let your imagination ride at Thurtene Carnival April 22–23". Washington University in St. Louis News & Information. Archived from the original on August 28, 2006. Retrieved September 10, 2006.
  195. ^ "Campus Traditions | Undergraduate Admissions | Washington University in St. Louis". Undergraduate Admissions. Archived from the original on 2020-03-02. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  196. ^ "Art Prom". Students. 2018-11-05. Archived from the original on 2020-04-07. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  197. ^ Coulter, Sharon. "The Artists' Way: St. Louis Muralists Take Over Washington University Underpass". Riverfront Times. Archived from the original on 2024-08-08. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  198. ^ "Underpass Panels | Event Management | Washington University in St. Louis". eventmanagement.wustl.edu. Archived from the original on 2020-04-07. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
  199. ^ "Avram Glazer: who is the Man Utd co-owner and what has he said about European Super League plot?". www.nationalworld.com. 2021-05-05. Archived from the original on 2021-06-12. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  200. ^ Piper-Shimizu, Stephane (2018-03-02). "Jon Feltheimer". Variety. Archived from the original on 2022-07-30. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  201. ^ Lee, Louise (November 1, 2004). "Spiffing Up Men's Wearhouse". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  202. ^ Geman, Ben. "Greenpeace appoints veteran organizer to its top post". archive.nytimes.com. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  203. ^ "Serbia's new finance minister vows to cut debt, keep fiscal stability". seenews.com. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  204. ^ "Jim Talent". bipartisanpolicy.org. Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  205. ^ "Chic Hecht, 77, Former Senator and Businessman From Nevada, Is Dead". The New York Times. Associated Press. 2006-05-18. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  206. ^ Seline, Libby (19 October 2018). "Board of Regents Incumbent Hal Daub plans to advocate for affordable tuition". The Daily Nebraskan. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  207. ^ "Alumni Feature: Kenneth Cooper '70". Graland Country Day School. 2021-10-05. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  208. ^ "Interview: Book on African-American leaders includes St. Louis connections". STLPR. 2015-03-03. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  209. ^ "Biography - Mr Hank Klibanoff". ppww.hkbu.edu.hk. Archived from the original on 2016-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  210. ^ "David Merrick". The Official Masterworks Broadway Site. Archived from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  211. ^ Rich, Frank (2000-04-27). "David Merrick, 88, Showman Who Ruled Broadway, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  212. ^ "Dal Maxvill – Society for American Baseball Research". Archived from the original on 2021-11-26. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  213. ^ Hilts, Philip J. (1998-09-04). "Jonathan Mann, AIDS Pioneer, Is Dead at 51". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  214. ^ Murnane, Kevin. "Deanne Bell's Future Engineers Program Connects Students With NASA And STEM". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  215. ^ "Brain On Fire: Wash U. Alum Describes Encounter With Rare Autoimmune Disease". STLPR. Archived from the original on 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  216. ^ Gussow, Mel (October 26, 1995). "Mary Wickes, 85, Character Actress for 50 Years". The New York Times. p. 8. Archived from the original on December 8, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  217. ^ "Star Student | University of Iowa". magazine.foriowa.org. Archived from the original on 2022-11-03. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
  218. ^ Cardenas, Felipe (March 10, 2021). "Q&A: Peter Sarsgaard on his love of soccer, St. Louis and Socrates (the player)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 19, 2024.
  219. ^ "Peter Sarsgaard on soccer, acting and family". Los Angeles Daily News. April 12, 2009.
  220. ^ "Kendall Gretsch". TeamUSA.org. United States Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
  221. ^ Faludi, Susan (April 8, 2013). "Shulamith Firestone's Radical Feminism". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on 2020-04-03. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
  222. ^ Stout, David (1996-02-01). "Julian W. Hill, Nylon's Discoverer, Dies at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  223. ^ Reines, Frederick (August 1, 1974). "Clyde L. Cowan Jr". Physics Today. 27 (8): 68–69. Bibcode:1974PhT....27h..68R. doi:10.1063/1.3128835. Archived from the original on July 25, 2021. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  224. ^ "James Robert Thompson". National Governors Association. 12 January 2015. Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  225. ^ "Council of American Ambassadors". Council of American Ambassadors. Archived from the original on 2021-07-24. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  226. ^ Campbell, W. W. (1916). "Edward Singleton Holden (1846-1914)". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 51 (14): 891–894. JSTOR 20025640. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  227. ^ Ritchie, Susan. "Eliot, Thomas Lamb (1841-1936) | Harvard Square Library". Archived from the original on 2021-08-05. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  228. ^ Lyons, Richard D. (1993-07-25). "Dr. Abram L. Sachar, Historian And 1st Brandeis U. President, 94". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2018-01-18. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  229. ^ "George Hellmuth; 'Sold' Architect Firm's Ideas". Chicago Tribune. 16 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2020-06-10. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  230. ^ Clancy, Sam (March 9, 2022). "Gyo Obata, legendary architect and founder of HOK, dies at 99". KDSK. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  231. ^ "George Kassabaum, Leading Architect; Headed Large Firm". The New York Times. United Press International. 1982-08-17. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  232. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-21. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  233. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2021-10-31. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  234. ^ "Biographical Overview". Daniel Nathans - Profiles in Science. 2019-03-12. Archived from the original on 2022-05-19. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  235. ^ "Fossett remembered by Washington University". The Denver Post. Associated Press. 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  236. ^ Weber, Bruce (2020-02-15). "A. E. Hotchner, Writer and Friend of the Famous, Dies at 102". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2025-03-07.
  237. ^ 2011-2012 Official Congressional Directory, 112th Congress, Convened January 5, 2011. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-088653-9. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  238. ^ "What You Should Know About Rep. Mike Simpson". StateImpact Idaho. Archived from the original on 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  239. ^ a b Schvey, Henry I. (2021). Blue Song: St. Louis in the Life and Work of Tennessee Williams. University of Missouri Press. pp. xi. ISBN 978-0826222305.
  240. ^ a b Coleman, Nancy (August 23, 2021). "Staging 'The Glass Menagerie' on the Fire Escapes That Inspired It". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  241. ^ "USModernist". usmodernist.org. Archived from the original on 2021-08-11. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  242. ^ Jr, Robert D. Hershey (2016-07-03). "Jack Taylor, Founder of Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Dies at 94". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  243. ^ "Investigative Journalist And Author Bill Dedman To Speak At Baylor Monday". www.chattanoogan.com. 2014-03-04. Archived from the original on 2014-03-07. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  244. ^ "Meet the World's Smartest Person". Chicago Tribune. 29 September 1985. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  245. ^ "Harold Ramis | Walk of Fame". Archived from the original on 2022-02-21. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  246. ^ Heuer, Alex (October 27, 2017). "'A quiet giant': Local actors reflect on St. Louis native Robert Guillaume's influence". STLPR. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  247. ^ Goldman, Adam; Apuzzo, Matt (2017-05-12). "Andrew McCabe Is Known at F.B.I. for His Precision and Intellect". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  248. ^ "William H. Webster, February 23, 1978 - May 25, 1987". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  249. ^ "William H. Webster". International Spy Museum. Archived from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  250. ^ "CDC Director". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021-10-06. Archived from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  251. ^ Freyer, Felice (December 7, 2020). "Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Biden's choice for CDC chief, brings stellar reputation as scientist and communicator". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
  252. ^ Berger, Marilyn (October 11, 1998). "Clark Clifford, a Major Adviser To Four Presidents, Is Dead at 91". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  253. ^ "Clark M. Clifford Oral History Interview, March 23, 1971 | Harry S. Truman". www.trumanlibrary.gov. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  254. ^ "PHOEBE COUZINS DIES AT 72; First Woman Lawyer in United States Succumbs in Poverty". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-03-07.
  255. ^ Tietz, Tabea (2019-03-11). "J.C.R. Licklider and Interactive Computing". SciHi Blog. Archived from the original on 2022-07-10. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  256. ^ "Nagel, Charles". www.tshaonline.org. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  257. ^ Peace, Old Tiger. Time. July 18, 1969. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008.
  258. ^ "WashU announces donation from Square co-founder to grow engineering school". TechCrunch. 31 January 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  259. ^ Martin, Douglas (2014-07-08). "Alan J. Dixon, 86, Is Dead; U.S. Senator Who Championed Illinois". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2025-01-25. Retrieved 2025-03-08.
  260. ^ Tonnessen, Heather (2016-08-30). "Robert L. Behnken (Colonel, USAF, RET., PH.D.) NASA Astronaut". NASA. Archived from the original on 2022-04-14. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  261. ^ Atlas, Nava (2018-07-14). "Fannie Hurst, Author of Imitation of Life | LiteraryLadiesGuide". Literary Ladies Guide. Archived from the original on 2023-11-29. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  262. ^ Lane, James B. (1971). "Joseph B. Poindexter and Hawaii during the New Deal". The Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 62 (1): 7–15. ISSN 0030-8803. JSTOR 40488873. Archived from the original on 2021-07-29. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  263. ^ Ballentine, Summer. "Once a Republican, Koster seeks governorship as a Democrat". Springfield News-Leader. Archived from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  264. ^ "Leana Wen". Carnegie Corporation of New York. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  265. ^ "BIOGRAPHY: Louis B. Susman". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 2024-12-03. Retrieved 2025-03-07.
  266. ^ Hancock, Jason (November 1, 2016). "Records shed light on Missouri candidate Eric Greitens' income, sources". Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  267. ^ Uchitelle, Louis (1996-10-26). "H. P. Minsky, 77, Economist Who Decoded Lending Trends". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  268. ^ "Stanley Elkin | Walk of Fame". Archived from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  269. ^ LeClair, Interviewed by Thomas (1977). "The Art of Fiction No. 65". The Paris Review. Interviews. Vol. Summer 1977, no. 70. ISSN 0031-2037. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  270. ^ "Gass Biography". Reading William Gass. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  271. ^ "Cut & Paste: Poet Carl Phillips Explores The Politics Of The Everyday". STLPR. 2020-06-05. Archived from the original on 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  272. ^ Toft, Carolyn Hewes. "Landmarks Association of St. Louis :: Architects :: Louis Clemens Spiering (1874-1912)". www.landmarks-stl.org. Archived from the original on 2022-09-26. Retrieved 2023-01-09.
  273. ^ Rybka, Anne (2016-04-07). "The Story Of Max Beckmann, Germany's Mystery Painter". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 2021-09-24. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  274. ^ Severo, Richard (2001-02-19). "William H. Masters, a Pioneer in Studying and Demystifying Sex, Dies at 85". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2017-08-13. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  275. ^ Greta (2012-02-15). "Virginia Johnson". Missouri Women. Archived from the original on 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  276. ^ "Gerald Early | Walk of Fame". Archived from the original on 2022-02-27. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  277. ^ jen. "Howard Nemerov | Walk of Fame". Archived from the original on 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  278. ^ Pearson, Richard (1991-07-07). "HOWARD NEMEROV, PULITZER-WINNING POET, DIES AT 71". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  279. ^ "Arthur O. Lovejoy". Philosophy. 2016-06-28. Archived from the original on 2023-01-09. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  280. ^ "Joseph W. Kennedy - Nuclear Museum". Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 2024-09-17. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  281. ^ Salisbury, Stephan (September 5, 2014). "Jean Sutherland Boggs; led Art Museum". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2022-11-27. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  282. ^ "AAAS names chemist Holden Thorp as editor-in-chief of Science". www.science.org. Archived from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  283. ^ "Mary Jo Bang". The Poetry Foundation. Archived from the original on 2025-03-05. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  284. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  285. ^ "The Nobel Prize | Women who changed science | Rita Levi-Montalcini". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 2022-05-06. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  286. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2023-12-05. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  287. ^ "The Nobel Prize | Women who changed science | Gerty Cori". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  288. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  289. ^ O'Neil, Tim (October 1, 2011). "A look back • Climatron, inspired by R. Buckminster Fuller, is a novel and enduring hit". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  290. ^ Pearson, Richard (August 27, 1981). "Roger Baldwin, a Founder of ACLU, Dies". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  291. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1993". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 2022-07-12. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  292. ^ "Biography: Fumihiko Maki | The Pritzker Architecture Prize". www.pritzkerprize.com. Archived from the original on 2022-04-05. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  293. ^ Clymer, Adam (2007-03-05). "Thomas F. Eagleton, 77, a Running Mate for 18 Days, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  294. ^ Finkel, Ed (March 1, 2004). "2004 Health Care Hall of Fame: He helped clear the air". Modern Healthcare.
  295. ^ Cambria, Nancy (2 June 2014). "New president of Malawi taught at Washington University law school for nearly 40 years". STLtoday.com. Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  296. ^ Ferren, John M. (2004). Salt of the Earth, Conscience of the Court: The Story of Justice Wiley Rutledge. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 51–52, 57–59. ISBN 978-0-8078-2866-3.
  297. ^ Schudel, Matt (2012-10-02). "Barry Commoner, scientist and influential environmentalist, dies at 95". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  298. ^ Lewis, Daniel (2012-10-01). "Scientist, Candidate and Planet Earth's Lifeguard". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-01-09. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  299. ^ Clark, John W.; Norberg, Richard E.; Bretthorst, G. Larry (2000-01-01). "Edwin Thompson Jaynes". Physics Today. 53 (1): 71–72. doi:10.1063/1.4808482. ISSN 0031-9228.
  300. ^ "Mona Van Duyn". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Archived from the original on 2024-09-20. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  301. ^ Anderson, Marian (2018-04-03). "Wesley A. Clark". IEEE Computer Society. Archived from the original on 2024-02-07. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  302. ^ Redmon, Michael (2014-08-06). "Henry Smith Pritchett Head of the Carnegie Foundation Benefited the City in Many Ways". The Santa Barbara Independent. Archived from the original on 2023-01-09. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  303. ^ "Washington U. scientist Barbara Schaal named to presidential panel". STLPR. 2009-06-08. Archived from the original on 2022-11-27. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  304. ^ "James E. McLeod - The Book and Beyond". 2021-10-01. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  305. ^ Rivas, Rebecca S. (2011-09-08). "Jim McLeod, pioneering Washington University dean, passes at 67". St. Louis American. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Washington University in St. Louis.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_University_in_St._Louis&oldid=1279552176"